This type of article often try to compare a motherboard to a body part, like the kneecap, the gallbladder or of our favorites: the islets Langerhans. But that is almost as ridiculous as saying that the processor is the most important part of a PC, as we stupidly with all additional components unnecessary in our PC all these years. Currently, a base plate defines a PC processor dictating which can be used, expandability, memory and supports the capabilities of the PC has a final drive. Your choice of motherboard is the key to what the PC end up doing.
The next six months will see a fundamental change in the market too, with AMD and Intel, both the introduction of new desktop platforms. Chipset Intel X58 will offer support for the much anticipated 'Nehalem processor - not only will this new socket (probably called something like LGA1366) but will also feature an integrated triple channel, DDR3 memory controller and a new interconnect called QuickPath CPU. AMD 800 series meantime support the new socket AM3.
As with any other component, motherboards have come a long way since the original IBM PC 1981. If You're old enough to remember the first De Lorean DMC-12, perhaps the original PC motherboard XT still casts a dark shadow over your memory? At that time there were certainly wonders to behold, these days, simply look a mess by integrating the last thing on the minds of designers and all I / O have to be decidedly off-board.
The XT has all the same parts as motherboards of today, only worked a little slower. Instead of having a dedicated, integrated chipset, the XT uses discrete components outside the platform clock generators, DMA controller, controller Interrupt, keyboard, and bus drivers, a system clock and real time clock, along with the CPU, FPU, ROM and system memory. Eleven individual integrated chips together with all the additional components, adding to a mother faces a gasket. What we recognize today as a motherboard did not appear until 1986, when a company called Chips and Technology offers a single chipset solution, running most of the previous parts into one. You only need a few support chips simplifies motherboard design, cost reduction and started the trend of increasing integration.
Almost all motherboards still use a dual chipset design, commonly called the North and Southbridge. Intel tries to call center these days, but we sure why. This dual chipset design balances functionality and manufacturing considerations. The Northbridge is the high speed, the session between the processor bus and connection to the graphics, memory - Okay, so not AMD - and interface buses. At the other end of the motherboard, the Southbridge handles all I / S; ATA interfaces, USB, networking, and PCI; any legacy interfaces such as floppy disks and ISA slots are usually done through a chip 'Super 10'.
Southbridges Chipset Manufacturers often offer an alternative to the premium and budget tables. It's amazing how This design has been robust. NVIDIA SLI and have offered single-chip solutions in the past, but the vast majority share the characteristics of solutions through par. In the future, it seems the Southbridge will be relegated to less and less importance, but it will still be around until at least 2010, even if only to provide extra PCI Express lanes.
How the two bridges that connect? And how they manage to the transfer of these large
amounts of data so quickly? Originally, the PCI bus was used perfectly adequate when hard drives ran to 8MB / S and the parallel port was the idea of most people in a high-speed external interface. But with the demands of data grows exponentially, Intel introduced Hub dedicated a quad pumped bus that ran twice as fast as PCI. This proved to be a revolutionary movement: Currently, each manufacturer uses this type of high-speed link. It is essential with so much data flying around the Southbridge. Intel uses DMI now running at 2 GB / s VIA V-Link has, SIS has MuTIOL while HyperTransport has been used by AMD and NVIDIA. Despite the different technologies, they all do the same thing: data transport at high speed. The bus system also helps simplify the design of the motherboard as the links of the physical connections require much smaller, resulting in faster response design, less physical layers and a reduced price.
It is a recurring theme in modern motherboards that parallels the old buses are being replaced by new, shiny, high-speed serial. The only major exception to this rule is the memory bus: a reason for users to love serials - From a manufacturing standpoint, it simplifies and reduces design costs, as fewer lines are easier to route around the motherboard and result in fewer layers is required, significantly reducing costs.
The most obvious match for the series was the introduction of PCI Express. This usurped PCI and AGP as the primary way to add graphics and expansion cards to a computer. Attached to the South or Northbridge, PCIe lanes are -16 multiple associated with them for a graphics slot offering of 4 GB / S in the amount of bandwidth. The new standard PCIe v2 double that rate and is compatible with all recent chipsets. The major side effect was the ability PCIe motherboards to suddenly support multiple graphics cards.
As you probably know, offers NVIDIA SLI and AMD CrossFire - latest chipsets also support Intel's high end X - for multi-GPU support. While two beds of 16 PCIe Lane have been the norm until now, waiting for new plates to provide three slots as we enter a period where GPUs used for physics acceleration. So it's a case of the happiest ... Oh, our poor UPM steam.
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